José María Arguedas Altamirano (Andahuaylas, January 18, 1911 - Lima, December 2, 1969) was a writer, poet, translator, teacher, Peruvian anthropologist and ethnologist. As writer is the author of novels and short stories that have led him to be regarded as one of the three representatives of the indigenous narrative in Peru, along with Ciro Alegría and Manuel Scorza. Introduced in the indigenous literature richer and incisive insight. The fundamental question that arises in his works is that of a country divided in two cultures (the Andean Quechua and Western, brought by the Spaniards), to be integrated into a harmonious relationship of mixed character. The major dilemmas, anxieties and hopes that this project poses are the core of his vision.

His work as a social anthropologist and researcher has not been widespread, despite its importance and the influence it had on his literary work. It should be noted his study of Peruvian folklore, particularly Andean music; I had about a very close contact with singers, musicians, dancers and various scissors dancers from all regions of Peru. His contribution to the appreciation of indigenous art, reflected especially in the Huayno and dance, has been very important.

He was also a translator and disseminator of Quechua literature, ancient and modern, all occupations that shared office civil servant and master.