He was born in Grodno (Russia) in 1854, studied in St. Petersburg and worked for the Ministry of Justice before expanding their knowledge in France, Britain and the United States. In 1903 he published Democracy and the organization of political parties. After the Revolution of 1905 he entered the Duma as a representative of the Constitutional Democratic Party, but leave politics when the camera is broken. In 1912 published the second edition of his book entitled Democracy and political parties. He died in 1919.