"If the working classes can understand that through formation and virtue they can today easily overcome us, then it will be our end." There would be many people, with or without philosophical formation, who would never attribute such words to Friedrich Nietzsche. What gigantic misunderstanding has been cast around the figure of this brilliant poet-philosopher? The readings of the Nietzschean work today hegemonic insist, first, on the image of an apolitical Nietzsche; the political would occupy, in its "system" of thought, an insignificant and secondary place. Secondly, we wanted to be convinced of something truly unusual: the political elements present in his work, so scarce, would be compatible with discourses and practices of emancipatory orientation. This essay closely combats both thesis, so consolidated and accepted. Because in Nietzsche there is a perfectly delimited political philosophy; his fiery reflections permanently influenced the field of the political. However, his political vision constituted a formidable and colossal antithesis of any political thought of a revolutionary, progressive or emancipating sign. This book delves into a dimension of Nietzschean thought for a long time misrepresented and silenced: the political dimension of his legacy.