The anthropologist Roger Bartra takes a risky journey into the skull for consciousness, and their finding is disturbing. The traces left consciousness in neural networks lead us to look outside the body. Bartra takes an expedition that tracks fascinating aspects of brain functioning: its evolution, its plasticity and atrophy. Look for signs of possible brain language and examines the relationships between neural signals and cultural symbols. Reflect on the link between somatic memory and artificial memory. Wondering if there is an internal translation module capable of interpreting the symbols of the cultural environment in terms of neural codes. Roger Bartra exposes us a daring hypothesis, stimulating and challenging. For this uses the latest and most impressive discoveries of neuroscience. The mystery of consciousness, as is explained in this book lies in the fact that consists of exocerebrales networks. The exobrain is actually a symbolic replacement system, a cultural prosthesis that replaces the functions that the human brain is unable to perform to survive in difficult conditions, mismatch and suffering. The circuits of distressing emotions generated by the difficulty of surviving extrasomatic pass through the spaces of cultural prosthesis, but the neural circuits that connect to realize the externality or strangeness of these symbolic and linguistic channels. From this perspective, consciousness lies in the realization that there is an external world but that a portion of the boundary functions as if it were an extension of neuronal circuits. The secret is in the neuronal circuit is sensitive to the fact that it is incomplete and in need of an external supplement. This new edition of Anthropology of the brain is a revised and expanded version by the author. The author adds, in this new edition, a second part about free will, determinism, play and morality