In this work, a distinguished philosopher (P. M. S. Hacker) and a leading neuroscientist (M. R. Bennett) outline the conceptual problems that lie at the very heart of cognitive neuroscience. From an informal scientific and philosophical perspective, the authors seek a critical view of the conceptual difficulties encountered in many of the contemporary neuroscientific and psychological theories. They propose that approaches and conceptions about how the brain relates to the mind affect the intelligibility of the research carried out by neuroscientists, in terms of the problems chosen, as well as the descriptions and interpretations that are raised. The book thus constitutes a critique of cognitive practice and is also positioned as a conceptual manual for students and researchers who approach multidisciplinary knowledge of brain functions.