The spectacular advances in assisted reproductive techniques have definitely broken with dogma, and questioned by the Darwinian theory of the stability of our constitution and conduct, which must also include our ethical capacities. We started largely evolving to chance, but bioethics requires us to ask to what end is lawful to act as creators of our evolutionary destiny? Do we have the ability to assess where they lead us to the possibilities of reproductive genetics?  After rebuilding the arguments of the debate between proponents of Darwinian naturalist ethics and followers of the exclusively theoretical ethics, heir to the Judeo-Christian tradition, the author examines in detail the issues that are now pressing ..  The work provides accurate information about experimentation on human embryos, on cloning and new forms of eugenics. The most relevant scientific findings in this field serve as a criterion for assessing its benefits, the extent of its moral impact and significant political and social consequences.  In a final thought, the author proposes how these scientific advances affect our image of man. Unlike overly cautious positions calling for detailed regulations, advocates a liberal attitude, illustrated and unbiased decisions on the implementation of reprogenetics