Thirty years of research and reflection on the struggle for land as a condition of existence of the peasantry, the anomalous but internal presence of peasants who, by reproducing, recreate their relevance in the normal functioning of capitalism and, in the catastrophic context caused by globalized capitalism , the essential nature of their way of dealing with the land and with social life. In the crisis of the emerging century, the fight for the survival of the peasantry and the fight for the land and for humanity come together.