In their latest joint publications, Carlos Fernández Liria and Luis Alegre Zahonero have insisted on the need to rethink a possible dialogue between Marxism and Enlightenment. For this, it was necessary to rethink the articulation between Market, Law and Capital, reconstructing the concept of citizenship. And it had to be done so that the liberal ideology was not done the favor of granting the property right over the fundamental concepts of the republican tradition. Marxism could not do a worse business than giving away the idea of ​​the rule of law to the enemy, thus vetoing the greatest theoretical conquests of the Enlightenment's thought, while at the same time becoming entangled in the foolish task of inventing a "new man »Beyond citizenship. On the contrary, the interesting thing would have been to demonstrate, on the one hand, the incompatibility of capitalism with the legal principles of the republican civil state and, on the other, the possible realization of these under socialist conditions of production. Now, regardless of the political opportunity of this approach, is it really a Marxist thesis? There is no other way to decide that by undertaking the reading as a whole of Marx's key work. The task of this book is to show that the structure of "Capital" is unintelligible if Marx is torn from the republican tradition. And that, on the other hand, the most famous enigmas and pending accounts of this unfinished work acquire a new light if the role that corresponds to it is restored to the thought of the Enlightenment. At the same time, it is also about offering here an easy and budget-free reading of the three books of "Capital", showing its increasingly disturbing news.