History of Mathematics, vol. I is fundamental to understanding the origin of mathematics and its establishment as a science reading. This volume has its beginnings in prehistory, step by mathematical Babylonian, Greek and Roman, to end the ancient knowledge in the Middle Ages with Arabic writings as intermediaries. "The book [...] is not intended as a sum of encyclopedic knowledge [...], but to make all that is essential to follow the development of the basic ideas from antiquity to today." "The text is republished now [...], have barely aged [...] and the most interesting innovations that have occurred at both ends of the story: in the ancient Babylonian science and that of contemporary mathematics, I hope [...] serve to awaken in young new vocations in these matters. "(From the Foreword by Juan Vernet) This work represents the culmination of two eminent professors who dedicated his life to this discipline. Julio Rey Pastor gave the initial basic contribution and Professor José Babini worked on updating the text until his death in 1984