Is it possible to detect which parts of the brain are activated while a composer or musician accommodates notes and writes scales? How can new technologies and research in the field of neuroscience help to understand the phenomenon of composition? Can scientific advances really explain something as complex as the process of artistic creation? Is it possible to detect and establish a connection between the brain and beauty? What is the relationship between the elementary parts of the brain such as molecules, synapses, neurons, and other complex mental activities such as the perception of beauty or musical creation? The book talks about what happens in the head of a composer / artist at the moment in which he creates a musical work. The authors make references to scientists, philosophers and currents such as Alain Connes, Leibniz, the Pythagoreans or Fibonacci. In addition we can also find references to musicians such as Beethoven, Bach, Stravinsky, Bartok, Webern, Berlioz, Debussy, Schonberg, among others. All this is accompanied by brief introductions so that any reader can be placed in a specific historical context and understand the aforementioned theories. The authors focus on the mental mechanisms that seek and create beauty. There are still many unknowns and many mysteries to unveil; However, each author contributes his own explanations about the mechanisms that influence artistic creation. Through this analysis it is possible to recognize some specific intellectual and biological processes.