Since the beginning of modernity, Catholic theology has made little progress in attempts to give a solution to the problem of the relationship between revelation and tradition. By establishing contacts with Protestant theologians in recent times and a special way to raise this issue of the relationship between revelation and tradition, the first figures of Catholic theology could appreciate the difficulties and began work on a profound rethinking of the whole problem . In this volume, prominent theologians Karl Rahner and Joseph Ratzinger explained the terms of this approach, which was one of the central themes of Vatican II. The theologian Karl Rahner study approaches the problem from a viewpoint rather speculative. Interpreted according to the revelation of man's ancestry, which rises to the supernatural plane and the mediation of the divine mystery which takes place in the historical event. Considered so, God appears as the absolute secrecy, and the incarnation of Christ as a historical mediation of this transcendental experience. The youth of today research Pope Benedict XVI takes place, however, in the field of history which confirms the speculations of Karl Rahner on the problem of revelation. In fact, takes as its starting point the dispute with the theologians of the Protestant Reformation in addressing the problem of revelation and tradition. Joseph Ratzinger with great caution mark the milestones that can be seen in a long controversy between Catholic and Protestant theologies and emphasizes the close connection with more recent interpretations of the traditional fact, associated with the Council of Trent. Both trials evaluated the interpretations of Luther in everything that enhances the Scriptures into the reality of tradition.