This book explores the simultaneous formation of Christianity and rabbinic Judaism as two separate religions and the creation of the concept of religion in late antiquity. Combining very different approaches (from the new Talmudic studies and examination of the early Christian heresiología to postcolonial theory and the so called new historicism, through analysis of prerrabínico Judaism, New Testament studies, poststructuralist philosophy, Marxist historiography and epistemology and contemporary linguistics and psychology), the author argues that it is now called the "rabbinic Judaism" and "Christianity" not finished forming to about v century; and they did so through a policy analogous to the partition of a single religious territory process.

Authentic religion cartographers, the early Christians did spend heresiologists ideas, behaviors and people from one side to another of a border which they themselves set with his speech about the specificity of religion as a phenomenon independent of any ethnic or linguistic element. The Jews did the same heresiologists, helping each other to shape their respective religions and religion of those perceived as opponents.

At the end of this complex and tortuous process which resulted in the consolidation of Christianity as the imperial religion, rabbinic Judaism rejected, paradoxically, it define itself as a religion: a refusal to perceive the implications of which still fits today.