This book challenges the idea that with the beginning of the Obama era the end of racism has been proclaimed and we are in a new stage of social daltonism. The author persuasively argues that the enormous racial disparity in criminal punishment in the United States is not merely the result of neutral action on the part of the State. For her, the increase in mass incarceration opens a new front in the historical struggle for racial justice. We have not finished the racial caste in America; we have simply redesigned it. Pointing out a powerful denunciation of the War on Drugs that is decimating communities of color, the American criminal justice system functions as a contemporary system of permanent control. The book by Michelle Alexander throws new perspectives on the profound injustice that is taking place today in the US, posing a basic question: How has the treatment of the black community been throughout its history? First it was Slavery, then Jim Crow, segregation, the terror of the Ku Klux Klan, etc. Today it is brutality and murder by the police, wholesale criminalization and mass incarceration. Once again, discrimination has been legalized and institutionalized.