"Jews die in Europe and are buried like dogs." Thus ended the letter of October 1940 in which Hannah Arendt informed Gershom Scholem that Walter Benjamin, his common friend, had taken his own life fleeing the Nazis. This correspondence, which begins in 1939 with a letter from Arendt from Paris and ends in 1964 with a letter from Scholem from Jerusalem, shows to what extent both were united by their sorrow for the dead and the struggle for the memory of the Jewish people, and how these two keys cemented their friendship. With a focus on the failure of emancipation and assimilation, the two thinkers worked on a rereading of Jewish history: Scholem saw in mysticism an "invisible current", while Arendt recognized in the conscience of pariah a "hidden tradition" »Of Judaism. Against this background the circumstances of a written dialogue that takes on the dimensions of a historical and political document are shelled. The reader will find in these pages revealing data about the complicated posthumous publication of Benjamin's writings; on the gestation and edition of The Great Trends of the Jewish Mysticism of Scholem and The Origins of Arendt's Totalitarianism; about the laborious recovery of the Jewish legacy plundered by the Nazis, or about the motives that, at the trial of Adolf Eichmann, finally put an end to this intellectual and friendly relationship.