In the present work, Massimo Modonesi develops the thesis that a Marxist theory of political action is possible and necessary based on the notion of antagonism as a distinctive feature of the struggle and the experience of insubordination as a factor of political subjectivation.

The author argues this central idea based on the concept of class struggle, from which he supports a theoretical proposal based on the triad subalternity-antagonism-autonomy as well as the unequal and combined character of the processes of political subjectivation.

At the center of this triad, the concept of antagonism stands out for its character as a logical principle and central core of a Marxist theory of political action. At the same time, subalternity frequently reappears, against the current of antagonistic activation and autonomous practices, in the reflux towards the condition of subordination, as occurs in what Antonio Gramsci calls “passive revolutions.”