Benjamin Wardhaugh is a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. There he has served as a Mathematics and History teacher. His research focuses on the history of arithmetic and mathematics, and the way they influence and form part of cultures. His ten published books are based on his research, which includes topics such as the history of mathematical theories in music, the transmission of mathematical texts, and the history of the teaching of mathematics and arithmetic in Britain between the 16th century and the 19th century. XVIII.