Erwin Panofsky (Hannover, March 30, 1892-Princeton, March 14, 1968) was a German historian of artistic ideas, theorist of art criticism and essayist, exiled in the United States. His best-known work is Studies on Iconology, but his monographs on Dürer, Titian, Flemish artists and funerary art are fundamental works of 20th century art criticism.