Lucien Israël (born June 14, 1925, in Boulay-Moselle, and died January 18, 1996, in Strasbourg) was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.

Born in a bilingual border region to a traditional Jewish family, he earned degrees in medicine and psychiatry, and went on to become a professor of psychiatry at the University of Strasbourg and head of department at the Strasbourg University Hospital.

Lucien Israël underwent analysis with Didier Anzieu and François Perrier and his control analysis with Jacques Lacan. He practiced as a psychoanalyst from 1954 and also applied psychoanalysis to medical psychology. Inspired by Lacan's work, he gave a psychoanalytic seminar in Strasbourg, several transcripts of which have been published. He was a member of the École Freudienne de Paris until its dissolution.

A pedagogue with a frank manner, favoring oral teaching and clinical questions, he was responsible for a strong presence of psychoanalysis in Strasbourg and eastern France.