Born in 1946 in Saluzzo, Italy. Graduated in Economics from the University of Rome in 1972. He has taught in Santiago de Chile (Escolatina: July-August 1973) and successively, for various periods, in Lima (ESAN), as well as at UNAM (from 1975-1976) . Since 1987 he is a research professor at CIDE. He has written twenty books, the latest of which are: The way out of backwardness (1994), The endless tremor (2006), Frozen Modernity (2011), Hope and delirium (2015) and The eternal beginning (2017) .