Bosteels follows here Badiou's deep philosophical engagement with dialectical thought and his dialogue with his teachers, Althusser and Lacan, as well as his debates with other relevant thinkers (Zizek, Bensaïd, Deleuze, Derrida, Butler and Laclau). It also studies his political activities since May 1968, his involvement with French Maoism and his performance in the defense of illegal immigrants or "without papers". Finally, this book aims to access a deeper understanding of Badiou's philosophy, characterizing it as the definition and opening of a conceptual space for contemporary emancipatory thought.