Throughout more than 500 pages, Professor of History of Renaissance Philosophy, Miguel Angel Granada, explores the origins of modern thought and image of the universe. After his recovery in the XII-XIII through the mediation of the Arab culture, Aristotelianism became, in a nutshell more or less happy with the Christian dogma in the philosophical and scientific thought of the medieval West. The modern European thought and its representation of the universe and the purpose of the scientific enterprise is built along an intellectual battle in which the cultural revolution of Humanism and the Scientific Revolution, with its new image of the universe, were decisive moments. This book discusses, throughout the period between Petrarch and Descartes (XIV-XVII centuries), some moments in the gestation of modern thought. The first part discusses the renewal of the "Philosophical Library" conducted by the humanism of the Renaissance with its program of antiquity and the consequences in a philosophical-religious (Renaissance Platonism, skepticism, Erasmus, Giordano Bruno) and political (Machiavelli). The second part, however, addresses the first phase of the destruction of Aristotelian cosmology, based on the development and deployment of Copernican cosmology, the debate on the "new blue", a radical cosmology of Giordano Bruno (where Copernicanism becomes rooted in the conception of an infinite universe with infinite homogeneous planetary systems) and the formulation of the Baconian ideal of science as the realization of human power over nature.