Three thousand two hundred years ago, a scribe wrote in Babylon on eleven clay tablets the story of a king, Gilgameš de Uruk, who wanted to measure his strengths with gods, monsters and humans and ended up realizing that he was losing love, happiness and life itself. The Epic of Gilgameš, the oldest of humanity, fell into oblivion until, in the nineteenth century, began to be recovered from hundreds of clay fragments from excavations and deposited in various museums. The numerous documentary findings, some very recent, show that Gilgameš and his epic were not alone, and that many other texts preceded them, accompanied and reinterpreted since 2000 BC. and for the next two thousand years. Here, and for the first time in Spanish, include studies, translations and commentaries of all those materials, which place the old king of Uruk in the cultural and historical context of the ancient Near East.