The history of Mexico is crossed by various moments of memory institution. Social places to think about the past, founding moments where the relationship between tradition and future projects are put to the test, instituting as a result experiences of temporality that overflow into horizons of memory. This book seeks to analyze, in the long term, those founding moments of memory in Mexico from the human complexity: it begins in the 16th century and the project of new indigenous memories in American chronicles; advances on the memories of New Spain society; analyzes the horizons of evocation that arise with Independence; explores memories institutionalized by historical-anthropological knowledge; listens to state projects and their political mediations with memory: from indigenism to the multiculturalism of the 21st century. The book brings together researchers from various institutions, whose main interest is thinking about the role of memory in society. The theme that guides this long journey is the reflection on the construction of the indigenous past, a capital issue on the pending agenda of our society and which constantly returns, with another face, to reproach us.