This manual aims to be a compendium of the fundamental ideas that, in the opinion of the different authors, a Primary teacher should have about music and music education, be it generalist or specialist in the subject. This book arises before the reform of teacher training curricula as a consequence of the process of European convergence and that has brought as a main novelty, as far as music education is concerned, the introduction of a compulsory music subject for all students. / the students of this degree. The authors of the different chapters, with a long career in teacher training, and the changes that have taken place, offer their vision about those substantial ideas about what a Primary teacher should know about music and music education. Taking advantage, then, of the opportunity to change curricula, we reflect on the musical training that primary level teachers should have in order to respond to the challenges that the school has at present.