Nobody has made our time better understand the mythical sense of the world as Joseph Campbell. In his prologue to the monumental comparative study of mythologies, whose new edition begins Atalanta with this first volume, Campbell affirms that man can not sustain himself in the universe without giving a sense to the mythical ideas inherited, because the chronicle of our species is not only that of its biological history, or that which is based on technological development, but also the spiritual history of the different human races. The contrasted analysis of the myths confirms that these have a unitary and universal character, since motives as diverse as the theft of fire, the flood, the birth of the virgin mother, the hero who resuscitates or the world of the dead, although find scattered geographically under different clothes, form a single kaleidoscope among themselves. Published between 1959 and 1968, The Masks of God is divided into four volumes. The first, dedicated to primitive mythology, explores the mythological motifs of prehistoric cultures in light of the most recent archaeological, anthropological and psychological discoveries. The second volume, Eastern Mythology, deals with the religions of Egypt, India, China and Japan. The third, Western Mythology, is a comparative study of the universal themes that underlie the art, cults and texts of European culture. The work is completed with Creative Mythology, which deals with the importance of the mythological heritage in the modern world and the human being as creator of its own mythologies. In this new edition in Spanish of Primitive Mythology, revised by the Joseph Campbell Foundation in 2016, all the data that the new archaeological and anthropological discoveries had rectified since its first publication in 1959 has been updated, in order to preserve all its scientific validity as a reference book.