This volume gathers the debate held in the magazine «Political Theory», between 1998 and 2000, among the most important Italian theorists in the field of human rights. The axis of the discussion includes three works by Luigi Ferrajoli: «Fundamental Rights», which gives rise to controversy; «Fundamental rights in the theory of law», in which responds to the first series of criticisms and objections, and, finally, «The foundations of fundamental rights», the broadest of the works dedicated by Ferrajoli to fundamental rights , in which it collects and systematizes all the criticisms received and where it reworks what, perhaps, constitutes in the present the most finished and perfect legal theory of rights.