John Stuart Mill, one of the great minds of the 19th century, is possibly the greatest thinker of Victorian England. His work "On Liberty" has acquired the rank of a classic of political thought, with all that this implies of universality and relevance. The main contribution of the 19th century to the tradition of the best political liberalism, it is an agile and profound work, conceived and written with the passion and anti-sectarian spirit that characterizes all the work of Stuart Mill. Mill wrote it convinced that it was necessary to prevent the risk of oppression both from the parliamentary system —which did not exclude the possibility of a tyranny of the majority— and from modern society itself, marked by the growing relevance of mass culture and public opinion.