Jan Patocka is probably the most influential Czech philosopher of modernity and the chief representative of the phenomenological movement in Czechoslovakia. In this paper, we propose to analyze the foundations of phenomenology as they appear formulated by Husserl. Its aim is to extract from the phenomenology that still makes sense to our thinking. Through the application of a blunt critique of the foundations of phenomenology, which means not ending the phenomenology, but rather begin. Clearly, phenomenology as Husserl appears in the formulations is not acceptable without further when it has been nearly a century of phenomenological arguments. You could say that the effort of Patocka means an update of phenomenology, or better yet, a phenomenological philosophy. Through its analysis and its critique of the thoughts of Husserl, Patocka reaches a point that not only question the possibilities and the sense of phenomenology as a philosophical school, but the philosophy itself. What is phenomenology?, Is what is asked Patocka. The answer takes us through the application of a phenomenological thinking, the more radical possibility of thinking philosophically The book has its origin in the course he taught Patocka in the Faculty of Philosophy, Charles University in the 69/70 school year. Some of his students worked on the text production, which ended in 1977 the Czech edition of Ivan Chvatík care. Patocka, however, was never reviewed. This is the first translation made of the original Czech version of the text. For the general public, historians, Judaist, philologists.