The democratic ideal today is unrivaled in the world, but the regimes that claim raises almost all strong critical parts. The erosion of trust in the representatives is therefore one of the major problems of our time. But, while citizens go to the polls less, why have not become passive: we see manifested in the streets, questioning, mobilize the Internet ... To understand this new Janus citizen, this work aims at understanding the mechanisms to establish trust and social expression of distrust as two spheres and two different moments in the life of democracies. The electoral-representative activity is organized around the first dimension: their study is classic. But the second has never been explored systematically. Pierre Rosanvallon is Aboca to it and proposes a history and theory of structuring role of distrust in democracies. This radical change of perspective leads to explore a political continent that went unnoticed for a long time: the "contrademocracia". This is a set of management practices of obstruction and prosecution, through which the company exercises its power of correction and pressure. Near the village-elector, this gives voice and face to the people-watcher, figures of a people-veto and a people-judge. It is his virtue, but also their problem. Because, in assessing too much control properties and resistance of public space, you can also pandering to populism and "impolitic" to prevent the positive formulation of a common world