What is usually known as philosophy, the one born on the Mediterranean shores, has reduced the so-called "philosophy of India" to what could fit the western parameters. From the watchtower of the classic Sanskrit culture, this book intends to present another panorama that could perhaps liberate the philosophy of the monocultural redoubt that it has in the West. Starting from the postrenacentist dichotomy between philosophy and theology as responsible for a good part of the intellectual work of India has been considered as "theology", Raimon Panikkar reflects, first, from a Western perspective, and then, from the Indic perspective, about the similarities and differences between what is called philosophy. Even a superficial study of the Indic civilization shows its passionate search for an ultimate wisdom that, at the same time, does not mutilate other real aspects of life. A similar effort is found in the western adventure. However, in both traditions there is the double temptation, on the one hand, to neglect the rights of the more immediate spheres of experience and, on the other, the opposite reaction of marginalizing the metaphysical to engage in the physical. On the whole, the first temptation has been more powerful in the Indic tradition and the second in the Western tradition. A philosophy for the present time can not be neither mundi flight (a spiritualist intimacy and an alienation of the human condition) nor an adoratio mundi (a temporary obsession and a suffocation in the same human finitude). A current challenge for both traditions is to leave space for the concrete without neglecting the latter, to discover the ontology of regional ontologies without forgetting the non-duality of reality, and even of knowledge.