Berlin, 1915 Ewing (USA), 2012

Influential economist and author of several books on economics and political ideology, his first contributions were in the field of development economics, where he emphasized the need for unbalanced growth to stimulate and mobilize the economy and resources of developing countries. . In his later work in economic policy, he advanced two simple but intellectually powerful schemes: the first describes the three basic possibilities of response for business or political activity: "Exit", "Voice" and "Loyalty". His second work - The Rhetoric of Reaction - describes the basic arguments made by conservatives: wickedness, futility, and danger.

Hirschman participated in economic and social research projects at the Chilean think tank Cieplan, which was the great generator of public policies after the return to democracy in 1990 and from which several finance ministers of the different democratic governments emerged. His work has been retrieved by contemporary economists such as David Ellerman, a former World Bank economist, who maintains a critical stance on conventional theories of economic development. He died on December 11, 2012 at the age of 97.