Interest in linguistic categories arose in the early reflections on language by Greek philosophers and has been a constant concern of linguistics ever since. This book frames the treatment of categories within the cognitive sciences, which propose that these are the molds by which our mind captures the world, so that each one and the whole are the result of our thought activity and its reflection in the language. The categories grammaticalize – that is, they manifest through the grammatical resources of the language – aspects that the speakers extract from the extralinguistic situation. In the work, this traditional theme of linguistics is faced through a novel vision, which proposes a rearrangement of the categories into three groups, based on a gradation that starts from those strongly linked to the communicative situation, in which they find the speaker, the listener and their environment –deixis, person, time, mode–; it continues with the categories related to the classification and quantification of the events and the entities that participate there –genre, number, aspect–; and culminates with those that, located at a higher level of abstraction, are responsible for the representation of the event within the sentence structure –case and voice–.