The impact of neoliberal policies allowed the rise in Latin America of governments with a clear discourse of rupture with respect to their neoliberal predecessors. It is timely to take stock of these political processes when the favorable conditions of the world market have disappeared and the demand for raw materials and their prices are falling, when the political wear and tear of these governments that remained in power through of successive re-elections and its continuity has been called into question by the electoral results of December 2015 in Venezuela, the victory of Macri in Argentina and the adverse results of the referendum for the re-election of Evo Morales in Bolivia in February 2016.

What did these governments propose and what did they achieve? What have been the obstacles you have faced? Who are the men and women who lead them from the state apparatus? Who are the collective subjects that triggered such processes with their mobilizations? What is the extent of their involvement in such governments and what benefits have they derived from them? What is the opinion that the population makes of them?

The works included in this volume address these questions by analyzing some of these processes from different perspectives. Some authors place emphasis on explaining the structural conditions that allowed the emergence of these regimes and led to their decline; Others take stock of the policies, highlighting the continuities and/or ruptures with respect to previous neoliberal governments and analyze the conditions, factors and actors that allowed figures such as Lula, Correa and Morales to come to power, and still others examine the perspectives and possible future scenarios of the governments of Cuba and Venezuela, characterized as socialist.