Roger N. N. Lancaster is an anthropologist and professor of cultural studies at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, where he directed the Doctoral Program in Cultural Studies from 1999 to 2014. He is recognized for his research in LGBT studies, gender and sexuality, culture and political economy, as well as for his contributions to critical science studies. His work focuses on understanding how sexual mores, racial hierarchies, and class conditions interact in a constantly changing world.

Among his most notable works are: Thanks to God and the Revolution: Popular Religion and Class Consciousness in the New Nicaragua (1988); Life is Hard: Machismo, Danger, and the Intimacy of Power in Nicaragua (1992, Prometeo Editorial 2025); The Gender/Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy (1997), co-authored with Micaela di Leonardo; The Trouble with Nature: Sex in Science and Popular Culture; and Sex Panic and the Punitive State (2011).