In this book Mario Rojas Hernández tries to contribute to the construction of an ethical-rational critique of the capitalist economic system. For the author, this criticism constitutes the core of Marx's work to the extent that his critical analysis of the exploitation of labor allows us to demonstrate that this is the origin of the accumulation of wealth in few hands; of the situation of dependence, domination, disadvantage, lack, poverty (labor and social) in which a large part or the majority of the working population of the political communities finds itself, and of the tremendous, shameful and offensive socioeconomic inequalities. All of which represents, in the strictest sense, social injustice.

In this work, the current financialized globalizing neoliberal capitalism is criticized, as well as the capitalist economic system in reference to the concept of the human being and the type of instrumental and strategic “rationality” that is its own, in which any type of ethical rationality is completely abandoned. .

Mario Rojas attempts to reconstruct Karl Marx's theory of capitalist exploitation based on volume I of Capital to demonstrate that this theory is not only the critique of political economy as a science but fundamentally the critique of the structure and functioning of the system. capitalist economic exploiter of the work of the vast majority of the working population. For the author, the problem of capitalist exploitation is central because, although it seems an obvious fact, it has actually been left aside even by authors who criticize capitalism.

Mario Rojas aims to provide a concrete critical conceptualization of the capitalist exploitation of labor to argue that, if we aspire to abolish this economic system and establish another, we must focus precisely on economic exploitation.

Finally, the author formulates the fundamental problems that he will address in the continuation of this volume. Both the present work and its continuation are part of the set of works that he has carried out as a development of the philosophical line that he defends, now in reference to the sphere of economic activity of political communities.