This volume includes the papers and studies presented at the X Conference of Philosophy organized by the Society of Philosophy of Castilla la Mancha in April 2007. The link between them is to address, from different perspectives, the analysis of the new challenges posed both to theoretical reflection and to political activity by a globalized and multicultural society, trying to contribute not only to theorizing about our world, but also to acting on it. Numerous studies show that a high percentage of our young people adopt passive and individualistic attitudes in the field of political action. Therefore, we need a change of direction in our way of "addressing" reality if we want to understand what is happening and thus be able to establish the foundations of a model of coexistence according to the demands of the so-called "moral democracy." A new ethos in solidarity with social justice that activates public awareness about the paradoxes of progress "against the individualistic ethos of justice linked to personal performance," as Habermas points out.