The purpose of this small book is to carry out the construction of a methodological model that allows a sociological and, therefore, historical analysis of the Greek myth. To achieve this objective, it has been necessary to first develop a general theory about the nature of myth, its relationships with other types of similar narratives, such as the story and the saga, and with other systems of knowledge, such as philosophy and science, as well as analyzing the relationships between myth and religion. Once this study had been carried out, it was necessary to pose at a deeper level the problem of the existing relations between myth and society, as well as to examine the possibility of using myth, with analysis by means of an adequate method, for the study of a given society. The Greek myth is used as a model due to the abundance of sources in which it is preserved to carry out a social-historical study.