This work brings together all of Gramsci's writings on the problems of the production, organization and diffusion of culture. With great originality and coherent construction, Gramsci constructs a non-utopian form of a political-pedagogical perspective that sees the cultural unification of the human race as its objective. To this end, the author questions the educational structures and principles under capitalism, reveals the network of existing relations between pedagogy and politics, analyzes industrialism in relation to the formation of man and finally makes concrete proposals, alternatives to the existing ones, for the cultural content of the new school. Of all the writings produced by Gramsci (more than three thousand manuscript pages) during his time in prison, there are many anthologies. As regards the problem of education, The Pedagogical Alternative is sufficiently complete to not issue any fundamental point regarding the problem of education, as Gramsci posed it. This compilation is explicitly pedagogical, but it contains the author's political reflections, prepared in such a way that it allows for an organic reading. It systematically brings together fundamental themes of his pedagogical research such as: Pedagogy and politics; Educational structures; Educational principles; Industrialism and the formation of man; and The "new" intellectualism. The author's concern for educational problems in general and the school issue in particular are reflected in this work, which proposes truly positive lines of research, placing the problems in their proper place. His most important contribution does not consist in the design of this or that didactic or organizational scheme, but in the understanding of the complexity of pedagogical problems in the set of cultural and political problems inherent to human coexistence.