Is the human being is wrong stage of evolution, one-dimensional and therefore inevitably destined to fail? Building a broad bridge between natural sciences and the humanities, between evolutionary biology and history, Jost Herbig describes one of the most successful exchange phases of human history: the transition from thought to thought mythical rational and the emergence of the modern understanding of man and his environment. Ago in 2500, the Greek cultural ideas spread since then determine our outlook. Science and technology of our time and especially also modern democracy based on the ideas and concepts developed at that time. The belief in gods who dominate with a fatal arbitrariness over the forces of nature and human beings gave way about 600 BC, the intuition of a law in the cosmos and in the state. "Equipped" only with the senses and understanding Greek thinkers in two centuries developed the atomic theory of matter, a hypothesis confirmed only in our time in an experimental way. In this well documented and innovative work, and with a clear and attractive, Herbig is nothing less than the foundations of knowledge. Biologists as the ethologist Konrad Lorenz attempted to show that evolution endowed humans with sensory organs and nervous system that determine in a form of genetically programmed to capture reality. The fixation on this "feat" was invariable biological overlook, however, the enormous importance of cultural concepts, subject to change. Inextricably linked, nature and culture are the human conception of the world. "The proven scientific method to derive a complex reality of principles as simple as possible where it fails to start the cultural freedom of human beings. Because biological abilities do not determine the success (and slips) culture with the clarity of the physical causes physical effects. Just provide the preconditions. The achievements themselves will not occur at the cultural level. Before this transition from biological to cultural diagnosis can be blocked only scientific cultural phenomena resulting solely from biological causes. Who speaks of knowledge must know the difference. Differentiate between natural and artificial is more important than ever. This work is a contribution to disseminate this vital capacity. " (Jost Herbig)