Victor I. Stoichita born in Bucharest and since 1991 is Professor of Art History at the University of Fribourg Switzerland. After emigrating to Germany in 1982, he was particularly interested in the Spanish art and its hermeneutic problems. Besides his numerous articles and conferences, has published A Brief History of the Shadow (Siruela, 1999), The Last Carnival (Siruela, 2000), The Mystic Eye. Painting and religious vision in the Spanish Golden Age and the invention of the box.)