The impact of brain research and its importance in explaining human morality has gained legitimacy in the natural sciences for just over fifteen years, and is slowly gaining ground in the humanities and social sciences. Since the "official" birth of "Neuroethics" in 2002 at the congress organized by the Dana Foundation, the specialized literature (articles and books) has grown exponentially. Moreover, neuroethics centers have been founded at various universities around the world, and several research groups analyze, debate, and critique what brain science can contribute to a better understanding of what makes us moral beings. The research project within which this book is situated is part of this trend in the humanities, specifically in philosophy, of seeking to establish a critical and constructive dialogue with other disciplines that also question the nature of ethics. This dialogue, it must be acknowledged, is more imagined than real, since research traditions not only in Mexico but throughout the world tend toward inbreeding in the pursuit of specialization, and only in exceptional circumstances do they seek to establish dialogues with other conceptual approaches that analyze the same problems. Philosophy can no longer ignore the results of empirical research in neuroscience, cognitive psychology, genetics, biology, and other disciplines that are undoubtedly carrying out a revolution in our understanding of humanity, a revolution that is only just beginning. But we also believe that the sciences cannot disregard the need for conceptual analysis, inherent to philosophy, in order to avoid shortcomings and, above all, to avoid succumbing to a dangerously self-satisfied view of themselves, devoid of self-criticism.