The thesis of this book is that only the construction of a secular, democratic and multicultural state for Palestinians and Israelis can civilly resolve the fierce conflict that these peoples face and lead to a solution to both national communities that will avoid the destruction of a or both or even a regional crisis of great proportions. The solution of a single State defended at the dawn of the constitution of the State of Israel by Albert Einstein, Judah Magnes, Hanna Arendt or Martín Buber, and by the PLO between the late and mid-1970s is being increasingly contemplated interest in innumerable individuals and organizations and Palestinian and Israeli social and political agents as the only reasonable way out to avoid the grip that is seriously distorting the coexistence and progress of Palestinian and Israeli societies. The catastrophic trajectory for the Palestinian people of the successive peace plans initiated at the Madrid Conference (1991) and the Oslo Accords (1994), the very high geopolitical tension in the region and the increasingly difficult realization of a viable Palestinian State Given the intensification of the construction of settlements in the West Bank by the Israeli government, they are causing an unprecedented suffering to Palestinian society and placing before socially unsustainable forms of political coexistence and more unilaterally dependent on the military force on Israeli society. The solution of a State for Palestinians and Israelis instead focuses on the revitalization and reinvention of democracy and justice in a country, which after almost a century of conflicts directly entangled with power policies and the serious responsibilities of the Western powers , it has two peoples endowed with sufficient creative energies to offer a light of intelligence, generosity and ethical fiber that astonish the world.