To do? arises from an unpublished draft by Althusser, written to discuss the political thought of Gramsci, who became the flagship thinker of Eurocommunism in the mid-1970s. The discussion is framed under the auspices of the political question: what to do? The question conveys a concern that allows us to touch all the threads of the situation, from the way in which the class consciousness of a group of workers in the automobile industry can be heard - who symptomatically "know more (or less) than they they think they know" and "they don't know that they know" - to essential clarifications about Marxist theory as a tool to know a reality that is not contained or anticipated in it, but must be developed through a "concrete analysis of the concrete situation." ", that is, by virtue of the incessant transformation of that concrete that wants to be known, it must be reanalyzed in each case.